Hyperpigmentation Treatment

Hyperpigmentation has multiple causes and may be focal or diffuse. Most cases are due to an increase in melanin production and deposition.


Focal hyperpigmentation is most often postinflammatory in nature, occurring after injury (eg, cuts and burns) or other causes of inflammation (eg, acne, lupus). Focal linear hyperpigmentation is commonly due to phytophotodermatitis, which results from ultraviolet light combined with furocoumarins in limes, celery, and other plants.


Hyperpigmentation also has systemic and neoplastic causes.

Lentigines: Lentigines (singular: lentigo) are flat, tan to brown oval spots. They are commonly due to chronic sun exposure (solar lentigines; sometimes called liver spots) and occur most frequently on the face and back of the hands. They typically first appear during middle age and increase in number with age. Although progression from lentigines to melanoma has not been established, lentigines are an independent risk factor for melanoma. They are treated with cryotherapy or laser; hydroquinoneSome is not effective.


Nonsolar lentigines are sometimes associated with systemic disorders, such as Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (in which profuse lentigines of the lips occur), multiple lentigines syndrome (Leopard syndrome), or xeroderma pigmentosum.




Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation is a common skin problem characterized by increased melanin formation. It commonly occurs following acne and It appears to be more severe in darker skin.

The melanin, our natural pigment that protects us from solar radiation, is produced by certain specialized cells of the skin, known as "melanocytes" that under certain conditions can irregularly "work".
Sometimes, however, the melanin increases, resulting in light areas and dark areas, the so-called iperpigmentarie spots, which from an aesthetic point of view, represent a real problem.


Acne and even some laser acne treatments can cause persistent post inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
Only if a color change or skin defect is still present after 1 year, it is considered to be a permanent acne scar.


The first step in the treatment of hyperpigmentation is by topical agents. There are many commercial depigmenting agents capable of interacting with the synthesis of melanin by inhibiting tyrosinase (phase enzyme) or by acting on non-enzymatic phase.

These topical agents generally are:

• Hydroquinone
• Azelaic Acid
• Kojic Acid
• Glycolic Acid
• Salycilic Acid
• Retinoids
• Licorice Extract

In treating patients with darker skin, bleaching agents must be chosen carefully to avoid lightening pigmented lesions beyond the base color or causing irritation.


The best standard routine generally is made by a conbination of 0,1 percent retinoic acid cream, 4 percent hydroquinone and triamcinolone acetonide, a tyrosine inhibitor.


A combination of a 10 percent glycolic acid with 4 percent hydroquinone is also generally very effective.

A superficial peel or a light microdermabrasion that exfoliate without causing inflammation, can accellerate the positive response of the skin.


Some types of laser can be useful to improve hyperpigmentation but they are very expensive.


Any bleaching agent shlould be applied to the dark area twice a day.


To reduce the risk of dark spots after acne, it is suggested to start the treatment immediately after the first signs of darkenig.

For severe hyperpigmentation you can consider the following methods:

• Chemical Peels
• Obagi Face Peel or Obagi blue peel, is a new system to chemically peel dead skin cells.
• Dermabrasion is a traditional skin clearing procedure in which the surface of the skin is removed by abrasion.
• Afa Clay Peel is a unique two-step in-office procedure.
• 70 percent Lactic Acid works mainly on the skin's surface and it can be very effective to improve your skin texture and pigmentation irregularities.

During the Hyperpigmentation Treatment it's essential a good sun protection. Practicing strict sun protection is important for the skin at all stages of acne treatment, because sun damage can trigger or worsen hyperpigmentation.

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Common cold treatment, dietaris and home remedies

The common cold is a self-limited contagious illness that can be caused by a number of different types of viruses. The common cold is medically referred to as a viral upper respiratory tract infection. Symptoms of the common cold may include cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, runny nose, and sneezing. More than 200 different types of viruses are known to cause the common cold, with rhinovirus causing approximately 30%-35% of all adult colds.

The signs and symptoms of the common cold in infants and children are similar to those seen in adults. The cold may begin with a runny nose with clear nasal discharge, which later may become yellowish or greenish in color. Infants and children may also become more fussy and have decreased appetite.

The symptoms of the common cold will typically last anywhere from four to 14 days, with most individuals improving in one week.

 What is the treatment for the common cold? Are there any home remedies for the common cold?



 

There is no cure for the common cold. The common cold is a self-limited illness that will resolve spontaneously with time. Home remedies and treatments are directed at alleviating the symptoms associated with the common cold while the body fights off the infection.

Home treatment for the common cold includes getting rest and drinking plenty of fluids. In older children and adults, over-the-counter medications such as throat lozenges, throat sprays, cough drops, and cough syrups may help relieve symptoms, though they will not prevent or shorten the duration of the common cold. Gargling with warm saltwater may help those with a sore throat. Decongestants such as pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) or antihistamines may be used for nasal symptoms, while saline nasal sprays may also be beneficial. It is important to note that over-the-counter medications may cause undesirable side effects, therefore they must be taken with care.


Acetaminophen (Tylenol and others) and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) can help with fever, sore throat, and body aches.

The treatment for infants and small children with the common cold is supportive as well. It is especially important to allow rest and encourage plenty of fluids in order to prevent dehydration. Nasal drops and bulb suctioning may be used to clear nasal mucus in infants. Medications such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen may be taken for pain or fever based on the package recommendations for age and weight. Do not use aspirin or aspirin-containing medications in children or teenagers because it has been associated with a rare, potentially fatal condition called Reye's syndrome. Finally, over-the-counter cough and cold medications for infants and children are not recommended

Common Cold treatment using Lemon

Lemon is the most important among the many home remedies for common cold. It is beneficial in all types of cold with fever. Vitamin C-rich lemon juice increases body resistance, decreases toxicity and reduces the duration of the illness. One lemon should be diluted in a glass of warm water, and a teaspoon of honey should be added to it. This should be taken once or twice daily.


      Common Cold treatment using Garlic

Garlic soup is an old remedy to reduce the severity of a cold, and should be taken once daily. The soup can be prepared by boiling three or four cloves of chopped garlic in a cup of water. Garlic contains antiseptic and antispasmodic properties, besides several other medicinal virtues. The oil contained in this vegetable helps to open up the respiratory passages. In soup form, it flushes out all toxins from the system and thus helps bring down fever. Five drops of garlic oil combined with a teaspoon of onion juice, and diluted in a cup of water, should be drunk two to three times a day. This has also been found to be very effective in the treatment of common cold.

Common Cold treatment using Ginger   

Ginger is another excellent remedy for colds and coughs. About ten grams of ginger should be cut into small pieces and boiled in a cup of water. It should then be strained and half a teaspoon of sugar added to it. This decoction should be drunk when hot. Ginger tea, prepared by adding a few pieces of ginger into boiled water before adding the tea leaves, is also an effective remedy for colds and for fevers resulting from cold. It may be taken twice daily.

     Common Cold treatment using Lady's Fingers

Lady's fingers are highly valuable in treating irritation of the throat and a persistent dry cough. This vegetable is rich in mucilage and acts as a drug to allay irritation, swelling, and pain. About 100 gm of lady's fingers should be cut into pieces, and boiled down in half a litre of water to make a decoction. The steam issuing from this decoction may also be inhaled once or twice a day to relieve throat irritation and a dry cough.

Common Cold treatment using Bitter Gourd Roots

The roots of the bitter gourd plant are used in folk medicine to cure a cold. A teaspoon of the root paste, mixed with an equal quantity of honey or holy basil leaf juice, given once every night for a month, acts as an excellent medicine for colds.

Common Cold treatment using Turmeric

Turmeric is an effective remedy for colds and throat irritations. Half a teaspoon of fresh turmeric powder mixed in 30 ml of warm milk, and taken once or twice daily, is a useful prescription for these conditions. Turmeric powder should be put into a hot ladle. Milk should then be poured in it and boiled over a slow fire. This mixture should then be drunk by the patient. In case of a running cold, smoke from the burning turmeric should be inhaled. It will increase the discharge from the nose and provide quick relief.

    Common Cold treatment using Tamarind and Pepper

Tamarind-pepper rasam is also considered an effective home remedy for a cold in South India. Dilute 50 mg tamarind in 250 ml of water. Boil the diluted tamarind water for a few minutes with a teaspoon of hot clarified butter and half a teaspoon of black pepper powder. This steaming hot rasam has a flushing effect, and should be taken three times a day. As one takes it, the nose and eyes water and the nasal blockage is cleared.

Common Cold treatment using Vitamin C

Regular intake of vitamin C-75 mg for adults and 35 mg for children-will prevent the common cold. If, however, a cold has already appeared, large doses of this vitamin will relieve the symptoms and shorten its duration. He estimates that one to two grams (1000 mg to 2000 mg) per day is approximately the optimum amount of this vitamin for this purpose. His advice is to swallow one or two 500mg tablets of vitamin C at the appearance of the first sign of the cold and continue the treatment by taking one to two 500 mg tablets daily.

Home Remedies for Stuffy Nose

Inhale turmeric fumes, for this tie some turmeric in a clean cloth and light it. Boil some water and allow it to cool, now add ¼ teaspoon table salt to it. Put 2 to 3 drops of this solution in your both the nostrils before meals and going to bed. Mix natural apple cider vinegar and water in equal parts. Boil this solution in a pan, when the fumes rises lean over the pan and inhale the fumes. Prepare a solution using 4 drops of Lavender Essential Oil and Pine Essential Oil, 3 drops of Peppermint Essential Oil and 7 drops of Eucalyptus Essential Oil. Inhale vapors of this solution by putting it on a cotton ball or an aromatherapy diffuser.

Dietaries for Common Cold                       

Abstain Solid Foods, Drink Fruit and Vegetable Juices


During the acute stage of the cold, when fever is present, the patient should abstain from all solid foods and only drink fruit and vegetable juices, diluted with water.


Well-Balanced Diet of Seeds, Nuts


After the acute symptoms are over, the patient can gradually embark upon a well-balanced diet, consisting of seeds, nuts, grains, vegetables, and fruits.


Avoid Meat, Fish, Eggs and Starchy Foods


It is advisable to avoid meat, fish, eggs, cheese, and starchy foods.